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Test 3: Cellular Energetics

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which one of the following is true?
a.
Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
b.
Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
c.
Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
d.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
e.
Neither cellular respiration nor photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
 

 2. 
During redox reactions
a.
a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized.
b.
the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction.
c.
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
d.
protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 3. 
During cellular respiration, NADH
a.
is reduced to form NAD+.
b.
is broken down by an enzyme called dehydrogenase.
c.
is chemically converted into ATP.
d.
transports the energy (electrons) from glucose to the ETC.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 4. 
During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron-carrier molecules. Which of the following is a true statement about this process?
a.
Molecular oxygen is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water.
b.
The electrons are used as a source of energy to pump protons against their concentration gradient.
c.
The electrons move from carriers that have more affinity for them to carriers that have less affinity for them.
d.
The carrier molecules are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
e.
None of the statements are true.
 

 5. 
During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
a.
glycolysis
b.
"grooming" of pyruvic acid
c.
oxidative phosphorylation
d.
the  citric acid cycle
e.
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
 

 6. 
Which one of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
a.
chemiosmosis
b.
glycolysis
c.
oxidative phosphorylation
d.
the citric acid cycle
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 7. 
A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, radioactivity will appear first in
a.
glucose 6-phosphate.
b.
NADH.
c.
ATP.
d.
pyruvic acid.
e.
carbon dioxide.
 

 8. 
During cellular respiration, glucose is converted into two pyruvic acid molecules. Before entering the Krebs Cycle, these molecules
a.
are further oxidized.
b.
each lose a carbon atom, which is released as CO2.
c.
are further stripped of its energy with the help of NAD+.
d.
are each converted into a two-carbon molecule joined to a coenzyme A molecule.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 9. 
The enzymes of the citric acid cycle cycle are located in the
a.
intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.
b.
outer mitochondrial membrane.
c.
inner mitochondrial membrane.
d.
mitochondrial matrix.
e.
cytoplasm.
 

 10. 
A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?
a.
the citric acid cycle and glycolysis
b.
alcoholic fermentation
c.
oxidative phosphorylation
d.
glycolysis
e.
the citric acid cycle
 

 11. 
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
a.
ATP.
b.
a molecule of carbon dioxide.
c.
an oxygen atom.
d.
a molecule of water.
e.
ADP.
 

 12. 
Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?
a.
It is involved in chemiosmosis.
b.
It plays a role in the production of pyruvic acid.
c.
ATP synthase is located within it.
d.
Electron carriers are embedded in it.
e.
A gradient of H+ exists across it.
 

 13. 
A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that
a.
the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise.
b.
the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function.
c.
the muscles require extremely large amounts of carbon dioxide to function.
d.
the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvic acid.
e.
the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise.
 

 14. 
When an organism such as a yeast lives by fermentation, it converts the pyruvic acid from glycolysis into a different compound, such as alcohol. Why doesn't it secrete the pyruvic acid directly?
a.
The conversion yields one FADH2 per pyruvic acid molecule.
b.
The conversion yields one ATP per pyruvic acid molecule.
c.
A buildup of pyruvic acid in the surrounding environment would be too toxic.
d.
The conversion yields one NADH per pyruvic acid molecule.
e.
The conversion is needed to regenerate the NAD+ consumed during glycolysis.
 

 15. 
Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that:
a.
the mixture needs more oxygen. Yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get enough energy to produce alcohol.
b.
the mixture needs less oxygen. Yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
c.
the mixture needs more sugar. Yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol.
d.
the mixture needs less sugar. High sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration, and alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 16. 
Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide?
a.
bear
b.
crayfish
c.
wheat
d.
mushroom
e.
All of the choices can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide.
 

 17. 
Use the diagram below to answer the Questions 17-19 that follow

mc017-1.jpg
In the diagram, E is produced in which of the following processes?
a.
pyruvate preparation.
b.
krebs cycle.
c.
glycolysis.
d.
none of the above.
e.
a, b and c.
 

 18. 
The  diagram shown above is
a.
fermentation.
b.
photosynthesis.
c.
substrate-level phosphorylation.
d.
oxidative phosphorylation.
e.
glycolysis.
 

 19. 
C in the diagram above is the
a.
inner mitochondrial membrane.
b.
inter membrane space.
c.
thylakoid membrane.
d.
cytoplasm.
e.
matrix.
 

 20. 
In most green plants, chloroplasts are
a.
concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll.
b.
found throughout the leaf tissue.
c.
concentrated in the stomata.
d.
concentrated in a portion of the leaf called the stroma.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 21. 
In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the
a.
stomata.
b.
mesophyll.
c.
thylakoid.
d.
stroma.
e.
matrix.
 

 22. 
Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell?
a.
cristae
b.
cytoplasm
c.
stroma
d.
matrix
e.
thylakoid membranes
 

 23. 
CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via
a.
grana.
b.
central vacuoles.
c.
stroma.
d.
stomata.
e.
thylakoids.
 

 24. 
The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
a.
chlorophyll.
b.
carbon dioxide.
c.
water.
d.
glucose.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 25. 
Which of the following is true concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a.
Photosynthesis involves only reductions while respiration involves only oxidations.
b.
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar while in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide.
c.
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar while in respiration, sugar is reduced to form carbon dioxide.
d.
Photosynthesis involves only oxidations while respiration involves only reductions.
e.
None of the choices are true.
 

 26. 
The Calvin cycle involves all of the following except:
a.
reduction of carbon.
b.
regeneration of NADP+.
c.
formation of waste products in the form of CO2.
d.
regeneration of RuBP.
e.
carbon fixation.
 

 27. 
Why are (most) plants green?
a.
Chlorophyll absorbs green light.
b.
Chlorophyll primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis.
c.
Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage.
d.
Chlorophyll reflects green light.
e.
All photosynthetic pigments are colored green.
 

 28. 
When a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons
a.
is raised from the ground state.
b.
is put into an unstable state.
c.
becomes excited.
d.
gains energy.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 29. 
The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem I are replaced by electrons from
a.
H2O.
b.
CO2.
c.
ATP.
d.
the top of the electron transport chain.
e.
the bottom of the electron transport chain.
 

 30. 
The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from
a.
photosystem I.
b.
ATP.
c.
NADPH.
d.
CO2.
e.
H2O.
 

 31. 
The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is
a.
cellular respiration.
b.
chemiosmosis.
c.
glycolysis.
d.
photosynthesis.
e.
anaerobic metabolism.
 

 32. 
The G3P molecule released from the Calvin Cycle is used as
a.
the raw material to make structual and storage compounds.
b.
is stored as glycogen.
c.
is made into a fuel source for cellular respiration.
d.
A and C.
e.
A, B, C.
 

 33. 
Plant cells
a.
lack mitochondria and chloroplasts.
b.
have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts.
c.
have mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d.
lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts.
 

 34. 
What is the main advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C3 strategy?
a.
They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions.
b.
They allow the plant to avoid photorespiration by producing a four-carbon sugar in place of glucose.
c.
They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2.
d.
They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night and during the day.
e.
They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions.
 
 
Answer Question 35 based on your understanding of the following diagram. 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 35. 
Which number identifies the molecule that will most likely require a transport protein in order to enter the chloroplast?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
5
e.
Both (1) and (3) are molecules that are “fixed”.
 

 36. 
Which of the following groups of reaction can take place any time of the day?
a.
Krebs Cycle, Calvin Cycle, ETC
b.
Oxidative Phosphorylation, Light Reactions, Glycolysis
c.
NADP+ reduction, Chemiosmosis, Pyruvate Oxidation
d.
Krebs Cycle, H2O ‘splitting’, Carbon Fixation
e.
All of the above can take place both during the day and the night.
 



 
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