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Biology Test 1: Water and Macromolecules

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 
The following four diagrams show different orientations of five water molecules.  Note that the diagrams vary in water molecule orientation and partial charges on the atoms.  Study the diagrams carefully and answer the following questions.
nar001-1.jpgnar001-2.jpg
nar001-3.jpgnar001-4.jpg
 

 1. 
Which of the above four diagrams show the correct orientation of water molecules interacting as a liquid?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (1) and (4) are possible orientations.
 

 2. 
The interaction between individual water molecules:
a.
are weak interactions between opposite partial charges.
b.
break when temperature is increased.
c.
are covalent bonds.
d.
both (a) and (b) above.
e.
all answers are correct.
 

 3. 
The chemical bonds holding the single oxygen and two hydrogen atoms together in a single water molecule are ______ bonds and the bonds between multiple water molecules are _____ bonds.
a.
strong ionic..... weak hydrogen
b.
strong covalent.....weak hydrogen
c.
weak covalent..... strong hydrogen
d.
strong covalent.....strong hydrogen
e.
strong ionic.... weak covalent
 
 
The following four diagrams show the structures of different molecules.  Answer the following questions based on your ability to identify them.
nar002-1.jpg
 

 4. 
Which diagram represents the monomer units of proteins?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (2) and (4)
 

 5. 
Which macromolecule is characterized as being hydrophobic?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
All molecules here are hydrophobic.
 

 6. 
Which macromolecule is best associated with the terms saturated and unsaturated?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
All molecules have saturated and unsaturated structures.
 

 7. 
in diagram 4, the “R” represents the:
a.
amino group.
b.
carboxyl group.
c.
enzyme.
d.
active site.
e.
sidechain.
 
 
The following diagram shows a sequence of a reaction.  The numbers 1through 4 identify different parts of the overall structure.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 8. 
Numbers 1-4 highlight different parts of the structures show in the diagram.  Which part is directly involved in the tertiary interactions (tertiary structure) that determine the three dimensional structure of this macromolecule?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (1) and (2)
 

 9. 
Which of the following is true about the “backbone” of this molecule?
a.
Highlighted by “1”.
b.
Highlighted by “2”.
c.
Contains carbons and nitrogens.
d.
Contains carbons, nitrogens, and sulfurs.
e.
Both (b) and (c).
 
 
The following diagram shows the different levels of structure for a type of macromolecule.  Answer the questions based on your understanding of how these structures are maintained.
nar004-1.jpg
 

 10. 
Which diagram above, 1-5, represents an alpha-helix, a type of secondary structure?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 11. 
Which image represents the interaction of multiple polypeptides to form a functional protein?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
nar005-1.jpg
 

 12. 
This diagram shows a:
a.
Dehydration synthesis reaction.
b.
hydrolysis reaction.
c.
Formation of a peptide bond.
d.
Both (a) and (c) above.
e.
None of the above.
 

 13. 
What molecule should be identified in place of (3)?
a.
Inhibitor.
b.
Enzyme.
c.
Water.
d.
Substrate.
e.
None of the above.
 

 14. 
The region where the substrate binds this enzyme is called the:
a.
active site.
b.
promoter.
c.
operon.
d.
plasmid.
e.
inner thylakoid space.
 
 
Identify the diagram below and answer the following questions.
nar006-1.jpg
 

 15. 
“The predicted nature of the labeled area _____ is _____ due to _____.”  Which of the following accurately complete this statement?
a.
1... polar... due to the large phosphate group with multiple oxygen atoms.
b.
2... nonpolar... the large number of C-H bonds that tend to share electrons evenly.
c.
4... hydrophilic... double bonds within the fatty acid tail.
d.
Both (a) and (b)
e.
All of the above.
 
 
The two images below both show the structure of the cell membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids.  Recall the chemical characteristics of a phospholipid and its role in the function of the membrane.  The labels (numbers 1 through 5) for the two diagrams correspond to the same “part” of the two diagrams. 
nar007-1.jpg
 

 16. 
Which of the labeled regions identifies a single phospholipid molecule?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 17. 
What are you actually referring to when using the term “lipid bilayer”?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
The diagram below shows a transmembrane protein (a protein embedded in the lipid bilayer) that acts as a channel to transport molecules across the membrane. You should recognize the parts of the lipid bilayer by comparing them to the earlier question which shows the membrane in the same view.

The boxed area highlights details of the protein chain that sits in the membrane.  Each “R” represents a separate sidechain and is labeled 1 through 5.  Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the structure and characteristics of amino acids, proteins, and the lipid bilayer.
nar008-1.jpg
 

 18. 
This protein exhibits secondary structure characteristics called:
a.
backbones.
b.
hydrophilic.
c.
beta sheets.
d.
alpha helices.
e.
disulfide bonds.
 

 19. 
Which of the following statements must be true about the amino acid sidechain labeled 1?
a.
This sidechain must have similar chemical characteristics to that of fatty acid chains.
b.
This sidechain must be able to interact with nonpolar molecules.
c.
This sidechain must be able to interact with water.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above can be true.
e.
Both (a) and (c) above can be true.
 
 
Protein Structure: Using the following diagram correctly answer the following questions.
nar009-1.jpg
 

 20. 
The diagram above is a representation of a(an)
a.
amino acid
b.
polypeptide
c.
primary level of structure of a protein
d.
sidechains
e.
both b. and c.
 

 21. 
Which of the labeled areas best identifies the amino terminus of the protein
a.
a.
b.
b.
c.
c.
d.
c.
e.
e.
 

 22. 
The region labeled C is best (or most specifically) described as
a.
an R group or side chain
b.
a covalent bond between two amino acids
c.
a beta sheet
d.
a secondary structure
e.
a tertiary interaction
 
 
nar010-1.jpg
 

 23. 
Which of the choices correctly identifies only examples of tertiary structure in the above diagram?
a.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b.
1, 3, 5
c.
1, 2 ,4
d.
3 only
e.
3, 4, 5
 

 24. 
Which of the above interaction could be characterized as an hydrophobic interaction?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
Using diagrams below answer the following questions.
nar011-1.jpg
 

 25. 
Which of the above diagrams show an unsaturated fat?
a.
1, 4, 5, 6
b.
2, 3, 1
c.
1, 2, 6, 4
d.
5, 3, 1
e.
all of the above
 

 26. 
Correctly pair the molecules in the diagrams above.
a.
4.....5
b.
1.....4 and 5
c.
2.....4
d.
3.....5
e.
both c and d are correctly paired
 

 27. 
Using the diagrams above correctly identify a trigyceride.
a.
1 and 6 are both trigyclerides
b.
1 is a phospholipid
c.
6 is phospholipid
d.
4 is a triglyceride
e.
3 is a triglyceride
 
 
Using the diagram answer the following questions.

nar012-1.jpg
 

 28. 
Which of the following correctly  matches the chemical nature with the identified regions?
a.
2.....polar
b.
3.....charged
c.
4.....rotational
d.
1..... hydrophilic
e.
all of the above are correctly matched areas
 

 29. 
Which end of the molecule will be reactive when considering dehydration synthesis of a triglyceride?
a.
1
b.
3
c.
4
d.
2 or 5
e.
none of the above regions are involved in a dehydration synthesis reaction
 

 30. 
Which of the following terms best describes this molecule?
a.
fatty acid
b.
saturated fatty acid
c.
polypeptide
d.
phospholipid
e.
triglyceride
 



 
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